QoS-based routing over software defined networks

Quality of Service (QoS) relies on the shaping of preferential delivery services for applications in favour of ensuring sufficient bandwidth, controlling latency and reducing packet loss. QoS can be achieved by prioritizing important broadband data traffic over the less important one. Thus, depending on the users’ needs, video, voice or data traffic take different priority based on the prevalent importance within a particular context. This prioritization might require changes in the configuration of each network entity which can be difficult in traditional network architecture. To this extent, this paper investigates the use of a QoS-based routing scheme over a Software-Defined Network (SDN). A real SDN test-bed is constructed using Raspberry Pi computers as virtual SDN switches managed by a centralized controller. It is shown that a QoS-based routing approach over SDN generates enormous control possibilities and enables automation

Use of eye lens diameter and weight as an age indicator in the carangid fish, Decapterus russelli (Pisces: Carangidae) from Gulf of Oman: preliminary observation

Specimens of Decapterus russelli have been collected from Lema, north of the Gulf of Oman. The ocular lens diameter and weight were tested as an additional age indicator to those already in use. The results showed that this technique could be adopted for determining the age of the species Decapterus russelli when the specimens are in the second year of age in case of eye lens diameter. On the other hand, eye lens weight failed to separate between the four age groups observed. The method is especially useful for age determination when otolith or scale ring are not visible or when false rings give erroneous reading

LearnSDN: optimizing routing over multimedia-based 5G-SDN using machine learning

With the advent of 5G networks and beyond, there is an increasing demand to leverage Machine Learning (ML) capabilities and develop new and innovative solutions that could achieve efficient use of network resources and improve users' Quality of Experience (QoE). One of the key enabling technologies for 5G networks is Software Defined Networking (SDN) as it enables fine-grained monitoring and control of the network. Given the variety of dynamic networking conditions within 5G-SDN environments and the diversity of routing algorithms, an intelligent control of these strategies should exist to maximize the Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning of multimedia traffic with more stringent requirements without penalizing the performance of the background traffic. This paper proposes LearnSDN, an innovative ML-based solution that enables QoS provisioning over multimedia-based 5G-SDN environments. LearnSDN uses ML to learn the most convenient routing algorithm to be employed on the background traffic based on the dynamic network conditions in order to cater for the QoS requirements of the multimedia traffic. The performance of the proposed LearnSDN solution is evaluated under a realistic emulation-based SDN environment. The results indicate that LearnSDN outperforms other state-of-the-art solutions in terms of QoS provisioning, PSNR and MOS

Policy-based QoS management framework for software-defined networks

With the emerging trends of virtualization of cloud computing and big data applications, network management has become a challenging problem for optimizing the network state while satisfying the applications’ Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This paper proposes a policy-based management framework over Software-Defined Networks (SDN) for QoS provisioning. The proposed approach monitors the QoS parameters of the active flows and dynamically enforces new decisions on the underlying SDN switches to adapt the network state to the current demanded high-level policies. Moreover, the proposed solution makes use of Neural Networks to identify the violating flows causing the network congestion. Upon detection of a policy violation two route management techniques are implemented, such as: rerouting and rate limiting. The proposed framework was implemented and evaluated within an experimental test bed setup. The results indicate that the proposed PBNM-based SDN framework enables QoS provisioning and outperforms the default SDN in terms of throughput, packet loss rate and latency

LearnQoS: a learning approach for optimizing QoS over multimedia-based SDNs

As video-based services become an integral part of the end-users’ lives, there is an imminent need for increase in the backhaul capacity and resource management efficiency to enable a highly enhanced multimedia experience to the endusers. The next-generation networking paradigm offers wide advantages over the traditional networks through simplifying the management layer, especially with the adoption of Software Defined Networks (SDN). However, enabling Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning still remains a challenge that needs to be optimized especially for multimedia-based applications. In this paper, we propose LearnQoS, an intelligent QoS management framework for multimedia-based SDNs. LearnQoS employs a policy-based network management (PBNM) to ensure the compliance of QoS requirements and optimizes the operation of PBNM through Reinforcement Learning (RL). The proposed LearnQoS framework is implemented and evaluated under an experimental setup environment and compared with the default SDN operation in terms of PSNR, MOS, throughput and packet loss

First record of Atractoscion aequiden (Sciaenidae) from the Arabian Sea Coasts of Oman and Acanthopagrus catenula (Sparidae) from the Oman Sea (Gulf of Oman), northwestern Indian Ocean (Teleostei, Sciaenidae, Sparidae)

Primer registro de Atractoscion aequidens (Sciaenidae) en las costas del mar de Arabia de Omán y de Acanthopagrus catenula (Sparidae) en el mar de Omán (golfo de Omán), al noroeste del océano Índico (Teleostei, Sciaenidae, Sparidae) Los primeros registros de Atractoscion aequidens en las costas del mar de Arabia de Omán y de Acanthopagrus catenula en las aguas próximas a la ciudad de Muscat, en el mar de Omán, se efectúan a partir de un espécimen de 671 mm de longitud estándar y diez especímenes de 111 a 257 mm de longitud estándar, respectivamente. Este informe da cuenta del segundo registro de A. aequidens en el norte del océano Índico y del registro más septentrional de A. catenula efectuado en dicho océano. Se especifican los datos morfométricos y merísticos de ambas especies y se comparan con los de los especímenes recolectados en otras partes del mundo. En este trabajo se corrige asimismo la distribución meridionThe first record of Atractoscion aequidens from the Arabian Sea coasts of Oman and Acanthopagrus catenula from waters around City of Muscat on the Sea of Oman is reported based on one (671 mm in SL) and ten specimens (111-257 mm SL), respectively. This account represents the second record of A. aequidens in the northern Indian Ocean and the northernmost record of A. catenula in the same ocean. Morphometric and meristic data are provided for the two species and compared with those from specimens collected from other parts of the world. The southern distribution of A. catenula is corrected in this report.Primer registro de Atractoscion aequidens (Sciaenidae) en las costas del mar de Arabia de Omán y de Acanthopagrus catenula (Sparidae) en el mar de Omán (golfo de Omán), al noroeste del océano Índico (Teleostei, Sciaenidae, Sparidae) Los primeros registros de Atractoscion aequidens en las costas del mar de Arabia de Omán y de Acanthopagrus catenula en las aguas próximas a la ciudad de Muscat, en el mar de Omán, se efectúan a partir de un espécimen de 671 mm de longitud estándar y diez especímenes de 111 a 257 mm de longitud estándar, respectivamente. Este informe da cuenta del segundo registro de A. aequidens en el norte del océano Índico y del registro más septentrional de A. catenula efectuado en dicho océano. Se especifican los datos morfométricos y merísticos de ambas especies y se comparan con los de los especímenes recolectados en otras partes del mundo. En este trabajo se corrige asimismo la distribución meridio

Sailfin velifer, Velifer hypselopterus Bleeker, 1879 (Perciformes, Veliferidae) in Oman waters: a new substantiated record from the Arabian Sea coast of Oman

The first substantiated records of Sailfin velifer, Velifer hypselopterus Bleeker, 1879 in Omani waters are reported based on 10 specimens ranging in total length 300-430 mm, which have been collected by gill net on the coast of Al-Ashkharah City, 319 km south of Muscat City, Arabian Sea, Oman. Morphometric and meristic data are provided and compared with those of several specimens of this species from other parts of the world. This study reports on the largest specimen of this species ever being collected

Partial and hyper-melanic pigmentation in fishes collected from the marine waters of Iraq, Arabian Gulf

In the present study, report on incidences of partial and hyper-melanic pigmentation in 6 species belonging to the families, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Platycephalidae and Sparidae based on 8 specimens collected in the marine waters of Iraq at the Arabian Gulf region. Severe case of hyper melanic pigmentation was noticed in Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 and Crenidens crenidens indicus (Forsskål, 1775), while an acute case of partial melanic pigmentation occurred in one specimen of Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 and Argyrops spinifer (Forsskäl, 1775). Possible consequences of these colour aberrations on their ecology and on human eating insight were point out

The oscar, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) (Cichlidae): a deliberate aquarium trade introduction in the Euphrates River, Iraq

The first record of a single specimen of oscar, Astronotus ocellatus, native to Amazon basin of Peru, Colombia and Brazil, is reported from the inland waters of Iraq. The specimen was caught from one of the branches of the Euphrates River to the east of the Barnun city, ca. 5 km to the NW of Hilla city in Babylon Province in central Iraq in December 2021 using rod and line. The capture of a sub-adult specimen, 186.7 mm in total length, indicates the first record of another aquarium fish species in the freshwater system of Iraq. The aquarium trade pathway is the suspected factor for the presence of this species in the Iraqi freshwater area